Integrating AI in Project-Based Learning

Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method that helps students learn by working on real-world problems in groups. This approach encourages creativity, as students are involved in solving complex issues. Research has shown that PBL can make students more interested in learning, improve their creativity, and promote active participation in their studies. However, PBL can also be challenging. Students may struggle to manage their time and projects, especially when balancing detailed exploration with deadlines. Teachers have to navigate relationships between students and manage the tasks within the projects carefully.

#The Role of AI in Learning

With advancements in technology, tools such as Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged to assist students and teachers. Examples include tools like ChatGPT and Bard, which are designed to help in creative tasks. These models can engage with students in a manner that mimics human interaction, helping them brainstorm ideas and providing information. Some educators believe that these AI tools can boost creativity and problem-solving skills in students, particularly in PBL settings.

#Research Goals

This paper aims to look into how LLMs can support creativity in project-based learning. We explore the following questions:

• How can LLMs aid different stages of PBL?
• What do students and mentors think about using LLMs in their projects?
• What challenges do LLMs face in supporting PBL?
• What design considerations should be made when using LLMs in PBL?

#Initial Study and Findings

To understand how LLMs can be integrated into PBL, we started with a small study involving 12 middle school students. We identified five key considerations for using these AI tools in PBL effectively. After this, we developed a 48-hour PBL program that involved 31 middle school students. Our findings showed that LLMs can significantly support each stage of PBL, although students and mentors had mixed feelings about their use. We reflected on the design challenges and implications of bringing LLMs into education.

#Understanding Project-Based Learning

PBL is an active learning approach where students work together on meaningful tasks. This method encourages collaboration and communication while integrating various subjects. Though PBL has many benefits, it also presents hurdles. Students need to develop skills like teamwork and critical thinking. Teachers must provide guidance and support to keep the project on track, balancing the need for creativity with the time constraints of projects.

#The Importance of Creativity Support Tools

Creativity Support Tools (CSTs) play a vital role in enhancing creative processes. These tools operate on digital systems and inspire users to think creatively at different stages of their work. Examples of CSTs include robots designed for children and digital storytelling platforms. Many studies highlight the positive effects of these tools in promoting creative thinking among students. LLMs are a type of CST that can help students brainstorm and generate ideas.

#Challenges with LLMs in Education

While LLMs have potential benefits in education, there are also concerns. Some research indicates that reliance on LLMs could harm students' ability to think creatively. The worry is that students may become too dependent on these tools, which could lead to a lack of deeper understanding of subjects. As LLMs provide quick answers, students might not feel the need to dive deeper into topics.

#Designing an LLM-Enhanced PBL Program

To explore the integration of LLMs into PBL effectively, we designed a specific program:

1. PBL Process Design: We used a structured approach to PBL, which included four stages: discover, define, develop, and deliver. Each stage was designed to incorporate LLM interactions.
2. Involving Thinking Tools: We introduced six thinking hats to guide students in exploring different perspectives during their projects.
3. Training for Students: Before starting the program, we offered training to help students become familiar with using LLMs effectively.
4. Mentor Training: We set up training sessions for mentors to ensure they could guide students properly in using the LLM tools.
5. Collaborative LLM Use: Each group of students worked together on one device that had access to LLM tools, promoting collaboration and teamwork.

#Conducting the Program

In our instructional study, we engaged 31 middle school students over a week-long program where they worked on creating a low-carbon campus. Each group was tasked with identifying issues related to carbon emissions and developing solutions using LLMs. Throughout the program, students collaborated and communicated to achieve their goals. Researchers and mentors observed the students and provided guidance as needed.

#Data Collection and Analysis

We gathered data through observations and interviews with both students and mentors. Conversations were recorded and analyzed to identify patterns and themes regarding the use of LLMs. This mixed-method approach provided a comprehensive view of how students interacted with the tools and their experiences throughout the process.

#Benefits of LLMs in PBL

The results of the program showed that LLMs were beneficial at various stages of PBL.

• During the Discover Stage, students used LLMs to gather structured information about carbon emissions, allowing for a deeper understanding of the topic.
• In the Define Stage, LLMs helped students evaluate and refine their project ideas, ensuring that they selected meaningful problems to solve.
• At the Develop Stage, the AI tools stimulated creative brainstorming, leading to a variety of potential solutions.
• In the Deliver Stage, students used LLMs to receive technical feedback and polish their presentations.

#Mixed Perspectives on LLMs

While many students felt positively about using LLMs, some expressed concerns. They appreciated the new ideas and perspectives that LLMs offered, but others felt that these tools might limit their own creativity. Some students preferred working independently rather than relying on AI suggestions, fearing that it might narrow their thinking.

#Challenges of Using LLMs

Despite the advantages of LLMs, students faced challenges when integrating these tools into their projects. They often struggled to formulate effective questions, leading to unsatisfactory answers. Additionally, there were issues with mentors either over-intervening or not providing enough guidance, which impacted students’ ability to use LLMs effectively.

#Reflections on the Program Design

Feedback on the program was collected from both students and mentors. They highlighted the importance of training in using LLMs and the structured approach of the PBL stages. Some mentors suggested that more practical examples and simulations could improve training effectiveness for both themselves and the students.

#Final Thoughts on LLM Integration

The use of LLMs in educational settings holds significant promise, as they can enhance the learning experience by providing immediate access to information and fostering creativity. However, it is crucial to balance the use of these tools with fostering independent thinking and problem-solving skills.

#Future Directions

To maximize the benefits of LLMs in education, future research should focus on exploring how to effectively integrate these tools across diverse educational settings. By understanding the needs and challenges of various student populations, educators can tailor their approaches to utilize LLMs in a way that enriches the learning experience without compromising critical thinking skills.