What does "HLA-E" mean?
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HLA-E is a protein found on the surface of many cells in the body. It plays a role in how the immune system works, particularly in helping natural killer (NK) cells recognize and respond to infected or abnormal cells. By presenting certain signals, HLA-E can either activate or inhibit the actions of NK cells.
Function in the Immune System
HLA-E helps NK cells identify which cells to attack. When an infected or abnormal cell shows the right signals through HLA-E, NK cells are triggered to kill it. However, if HLA-E sends the wrong signals, it can stop NK cells from doing their job, allowing infections or tumors to persist.
Importance in Viral Infections
In the context of viral infections like HIV and SARS-CoV-2, HLA-E can influence how effectively the immune system can eliminate infected cells. If HLA-E is present at high levels, it may reduce the effectiveness of NK cells. Reducing HLA-E levels can help NK cells be more active in fighting off these infections.
Potential as a Therapeutic Target
Research is looking into lowering HLA-E levels as a possible way to boost the immune response against viruses. This strategy could help improve treatments aimed at controlling or eliminating viral infections by allowing NK cells to act more effectively.