What does "Genomic Stability" mean?
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Genomic stability refers to the ability of cells to maintain the correct structure and number of their DNA. This is crucial for healthy growth and function. When genomic stability is preserved, cells can carry out their tasks properly, avoiding issues like cancer and genetic disorders.
Importance of DNA Structures
Within our DNA, there are special structures called G4s and R-loops. These structures play important roles in managing how genes are expressed. G4s are formed by certain sequences in the DNA, while R-loops are formed when RNA interacts with DNA. Their presence at active parts of genes suggests they help regulate when genes are turned on or off.
Role of Proteins in DNA Repair
For DNA to stay stable, cells have repair systems that fix any damage, like how cars need maintenance to run smoothly. One important repair system is homologous recombination. When this process works well, it helps prevent mistakes that could lead to diseases. If something goes wrong, such as with certain proteins like the BLM helicase, it can lead to problems like increased exchanges of genetic material, which can raise the risk of cancer.
Key Findings
Studies show that certain proteins help manage these important DNA structures and ensure proper DNA repair. For example, specific proteins work together to prevent excessive exchanges of genetic material, which helps maintain stability and prevents potential damage. Understanding these mechanisms helps shed light on how cells remain healthy and function correctly.