What does "Genetic Code Expansion" mean?
Table of Contents
Genetic code expansion is a method used in biology to add new building blocks, known as non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs), into proteins. This allows scientists to create proteins with unique features that are not found in nature. Traditionally, proteins are made using the 20 standard amino acids, but ncAAs can enhance their functions or give them new abilities.
How It Works
To include these ncAAs in proteins, researchers use special tools called engineered tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). These tools help the cell recognize and use the ncAAs during protein production. By changing these tools, scientists can expand the range of ncAAs that can be used.
Importance
Expanding the genetic code opens up new possibilities for scientific research and technology. It helps in creating proteins that can do more things, such as targeted drug delivery or improved enzymes. However, adding these new components can sometimes lead to unexpected challenges, such as affecting how genes are expressed in cells.
New Discoveries
Recent studies have shown that using different combinations of engineered tRNAs and aaRSs can lead to better results in including ncAAs in proteins. By understanding how these tools work together, scientists can develop new systems that make it easier to create complex proteins for various applications.