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The Impact of Aging on Music Tempo

Research shows how aging affects the tempo of music created by artists.

― 5 min read


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Tempo is a key feature of Music that refers to the speed at which a piece is played. It can convey different feelings, styles, and even create tension in a song. Listeners notice how tempo affects emotions and how they perceive time while enjoying music. Tempo also influences how we move our bodies in response to music. Research suggests that body movement is closely linked to music, especially when it comes to timing.

As people age, their movement tends to slow down. This change is often seen in how quickly someone walks or moves to music. Various factors, such as changes in muscles and how our nerves work, contribute to this slowdown. Studies show that motor skills, or how we control our movements, degrade with age. Similarly, as people get older, they tend to create and enjoy music differently.

Recent research hints that Artists may also slow their music Tempos as they age. Analysis of nearly 2,000 songs from popular artists revealed that the average tempo of their music has dropped significantly over their careers. This change remained consistent even with different songwriters and producers involved in the process. Such findings suggest that exploring music can reveal a lot about human behavior and changes as we grow older.

However, while this study shows a link between age and music tempo, it is hard to tell if these findings apply to all artists. Another study looked at how body movement speeds change with age and found a different pattern. To get a clearer picture of how age affects musical tempo, researchers decided to look at more songs from a wider variety of artists.

The researchers used a large dataset of songs available on a popular music platform. This dataset contained a wealth of information about different songs, including their tempo. They focused on songs released over many decades and made sure to clean up the data to ensure accuracy. A strict selection process ensured that only artists who had relatively long careers and a notable number of albums were included in the study.

In the end, they analyzed more than 14,000 tracks across various music genres. They calculated the age of artists when each song was released. Overall, the average age of the artists in the study was about 65. The dataset included a mix of genres, from rock and pop to country and hip-hop.

Researchers then used statistical models to analyze the relationship between an artist’s age and the tempo of their music. They needed to control for other factors that might also affect how fast or slow a song is. The findings showed that tempo increases slightly during an artist's early years, peaking in their late twenties or early thirties. After this peak, the tempo begins to decline, often dropping significantly as the artist Ages.

Analysis of the data showed that after age 30, the tempo of a musician's output began to slow down consistently. The results indicated that from age 30 onward, there’s a drop of about 2 beats per minute for every decade.

The study's findings suggest that there’s a strong connection between physical abilities and music production as artists get older. It seems that the decline in motor skills leads to a decrease in the tempo of music created by older artists. This raises interesting questions about how aging affects not just performance, but also how music is interpreted by audiences.

Despite the useful insights gained from this research, there are limitations. One challenge was understanding how the music streaming platform calculates the tempo of a song, which lacks transparency. It could be beneficial for future research to use more direct methods to measure tempo.

Another issue was how to determine the age of a band or group. Often, researchers used the age of the lead singer, which might not accurately reflect the average age of all members. A more precise method could be averaging the ages of all group members, but this could complicate or limit artist inclusion in the study.

Efforts to exclude certain songs to reduce outside influences were challenging. For instance, some songs that should have been excluded might have made it through the filters due to naming conventions or genre classification issues. This could allow some classical music or less obvious soundtrack albums to sneak into the data.

The researchers also did not examine how different music styles might affect tempo changes. Future studies might look into whether certain genres, like rock versus pop, experience tempo changes differently as artists age.

Live recordings were purposefully excluded from the analysis since they have unique factors that can influence tempo, such as the use of click tracks or the excitement of a live audience. It would be interesting to see if similar trends in tempo changes could be found in live performances as well.

From a creative standpoint, this research points to how age can influence the nature of music artists create. As they get older, musicians may find themselves limited in the speed at which they can play or choose to create music. Since tempo is known to affect how listeners experience a song, it stands to reason these changes could impact how people perceive emotion or feel energized while listening.

In summary, the research found that the tempo of music tends to slow down after age 30, at a rate of about 2 beats per minute for every decade. This decline likely stems from a decrease in motor skills similar to what is seen in other measures of physical performance, such as walking speed. These findings highlight an important link between aging and music, suggesting that as artists age, their physical capabilities shape how and what they produce. As such, this research offers valuable insights into how we understand music creation and performance through the lens of age.

Original Source

Title: The aging musician: Evidence of a downward trend in song tempo as a function of artist age

Abstract: Correspondences between the timing of motor behavior and that of musical performance are well-established. Motor behavior, however, is known to degrade across the adult lifespan due to neurobiological decay. In particular, performance on speed-dependent motor tasks deteriorates, spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) slows, and upper motor rate limit falls. Here, we examine whether this slowdown in motor behavior impacts tempo of musical performance as a function of age. We analyzed 14,556 songs released between 1956 and 2020 by artists with careers spanning at least 20 years. Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) and Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) were employed to assess the effects of age, operationalized by subtracting birth year from release year of each track, on musical tempo. Results revealed a slight tempo increase from early adulthood to age 30, followed by a marked, linear slowdown with age across the remainder of the lifespan. From artists thirties to their eighties, tempo decreased by almost 10 bpm, averaging around 2 bpm per decade. This decrease aligns with the slowing-with-age hypothesis and mirrors rates of decline observed in studies of spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) and gait speed. Our findings highlight a significant gap in understanding of creative performance across the lifespan, particularly the role of age as a mediating factor in musical tempo. Moreover, that a discernible decrease in tempo is apparent even in commercial recordings further emphasizes the inescapable connection between dynamics of motor behavior and timing of musical performance.

Authors: Geoff Luck, A. Ansani

Last Update: 2024-07-02 00:00:00

Language: English

Source URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601154

Source PDF: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601154.full.pdf

Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Changes: This summary was created with assistance from AI and may have inaccuracies. For accurate information, please refer to the original source documents linked here.

Thank you to biorxiv for use of its open access interoperability.

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